Sex for survival: Terrorism, poverty and sexual violence in north-eastern Nigeria
This study advances the discourse on factors behind conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV). Focusing on terrorism-affected north eastern Nigeria, it argues that terrorism creates poor economic conditions that compel women and girls to engage in transactional sex in exchange for money, food, she...
Somalia and global terrorism: A growing connection?
The lack of internal order in Somalia has left the country vulnerable to the rise of hard-line Islamist groups, most notably al-Shabaab. Al-Shabaab purports to be committed to global jihadism, has self-professed connections to al-Qaeda, and of late, has proved able to capture and control territo...
The discourse and study of terrorism in decolonised s tates: the case of Pakistan
The existing literature in the terrorism field does not address the absence of terrorism scholarship in developing countries. This article focuses on this intellectual gap using the case of Pakistan. It argues that most decolonised states, including Pakistan, are yet to grasp the complexities o...
The failure of international action against terrorism
Progress on the so-called ‘War on Terrorism’ is slow. There is no agreed definition of terrorism and no consistent government policy in respect of it. Consideration of terrorism ignores the role of some governments in what could be regarded as terrorist activity, often with the connivance of ...
The impact of terrorism on Indian securities market
The paper aims to examine the relationship between stock returns and terrorist attacks for the Indian securities market in last 30years. The stock market returns have been modelled using con ditional volatility framework, and there are good enough shreds of evidence to confirm that terrorist acti...
The Long Shadow of Violence: Legacies of Civil Wars and Support for Terrorism in the Basque Country
This article analyses how events of political violence in the distant past affect the outbreak of terrorism in the present. Civil wars leave a legacy of distrust that can persist through generations, paving the way to violent responses to perceived threats. We claim that part of the explanation f...
The Middle East: terrorism, international law, and the cosmopolitan Myth
In the “war on terror” state actions following terrorist attacks have redefined how state responses intersect with international law. The continued violations of international laws have meant that not only do citizens face the threat and risk of violence from terrorist attacks, but also fro...
Three prejudices against terrorism
This article criticises three assumptions regarding terrorism and the agents who carry it out: (1) terrorists are always indiscriminate in their targeting; (2) terrorism is never effective in combating oppression; and (3) terrorists never participate in fair negotia tions, as they merely wish to ...
Toward a Theory of Terrorism: Human Security as a Determinant of Terrorism
In this article, we investigate the relationship between human rights conditions and terrorist activity. We begin by outlining a theory for the genesis and growth of terrorism and argue that states which deny subsistence rights along with civil and political rights create an environment that is ...
Transnational organised crime and terrorism: Nexus needing a human security framework
This paper proposes that application of the human security framework enables us to see a negative impact of globalisation on the transnational organised crime and terrorism nexus. The main argument is that state-building and globalisation create conditions allowing for international organised cri...
Transnational terrorism after the Iraq war Net effect
Al-Qaeda rhetoric highlights the alleged historical humiliation of Islam at the hands of the Judeo-Christian West, and contemplates no truce with the West until the US has been tamed by fatalities in the millions. Drawing down American military deployments in Saudi Arabia and constructive US...
We're All Terrorists Now: Critical—or Hypocritical— Studies “on” Terrorism?
This article reviews the new journal Critical Studies on Terrorism. The fashionable approach that this journal adopts towards the contemporary phenomenon of terrorism maintains that a “critical” and “self-reflexive” approach to the study of terrorism reveals a variety of shortcomings in ...
Maritime Terrorism in Southeast Asia: A Risk Assessment
This article seeks to investigate the extent of the threat posed by maritime terrorism to commercial ports and shipping in Southeast Asia. It shall focus in particular on the threat from the terrorist groups located in Indonesia and the Philippines and the vul nerability of vessels passing through...
Countering the Islamic State in the Lake Chad Basin: A case for a security-development-governance nexus?
The Islamic State in the West African province (ISWAP) has gained prominence in Lake Chad Basin by filling in the security, service delivery, and governance gaps in Cameroon, Nigeria, and Niger. This has won the group recruits and support in some communities, entrenching it in the region. Using ...
The Altsasu case: terrorism without terrorists
A bar fight that took place in Altsasu (Navarre1) in the early hours of 15 October 2016 marked several days in the news agenda of practically all media in the Spanish Kingdom. According to the first news of the most relevant Spanish newspapers, a couple of police men known as Civil Guards and the...
The Violence of Political Empowerment: Electoral Success and the Facilitation of Terrorism in the Republic of India
Ideological violence, according to previous research, tends to spike following what may be perceived as an electoral success of an ideologically-affiliated political camp. Despite a growing number of examples across the globe, the extent to which ideological success in electoral processes impact...
In Silico Race and the Heteronomy of Biometric Proxies: Biometrics in the Context of Civilian Life, Border Security and Counter-Terrorism Laws
Inscribed in this brief excerpt are the key concerns of this essay: on the one hand, I examine the presuppositions that found contemporary scientific writing on biometric technologies and that infrastructurally inform the actual technologies; on the other hand, I also proceed to discuss the pract...
The Uberization of the United Nations’ regime to prevent the online financing of terrorism: tackling the problem of obfuscation in virtual currencies
This article examines an Uberization model of governance that can enable the existing United Nations (UN) regime for preventing the f inancing of terrorism to overcome the problems caused by the obfuscation techniques employed by virtual currencies (VCs). This new global governance model envisi...
Terrorism, Signaling, and Suicide Attack
This article examines the strategic utility of suicide terrorism. Suicide terrorism, we suggest, can be thought of as a form of strategic “signaling.” We define terrorism as a signaling game in which terrorist attacks are used to communicate a group’s character and objectives to a set of t...
Terrorism in the year 2020: Examining the ideational, functional and geopolitical trends that will shape terrorism in the twenty-first century
The intelligence failures associated with the 9/11 attacks in the United States have emphasized the challenges government leaders face when trying to predict specific terrorist attacks. A complementary approach focuses on strategic forecasting, which prioritizes assessment of and response to long...
Themes in official discourses on terrorism in Central Asia
This article explores the manner in which the governments of Central Asia, in particular Uzbekistan, have analysed and portrayed the actual and perceived threat from Islamist terrorism. It examines and critiques the core themes in this discourse, including the theoretical and legal definitions o...
A Formula of Terrorism?
Terrorism as a sociological phenomenon is one almost every mature adult considers they possess an accurate understanding of, yet a universally accepted definition continues to elude the field. After over a decade of perhaps the most intense scrutiny a subject of human effort has received in the ...
United Nations peacekeeping and terrorism: short-term risks and long-term benefits
Does the introduction of UN forces impact terrorism? We argue that at least initially, UN peacekeeping missions may signifi cantly shift the local conflict bargaining process, creating incentives for terrorist and insurgent groups to increase their attacks against civilians. UN missions create a ...
We do negotiate with terrorists: navigating liberal and illiberal norms in peace mediation
The normative framework in mediation processes is growing. Mediators are increasingly expected by their mandate-givers to incorporate liberal norms such as inclusivity into their overall strat egy. However, in the wake of the terrorist attacks that took place on 11 September 2001, and the policy...
Constructing crises, (In)securitising terror: the punctuated evolution of EU counter-terror strategy
The European Union’s (EU) counter-terrorism strategy has been particularly dynamic, developing as a result of ‘crises’ and subsequent post-crisis narrations. The events of 11 September 2001, and the Madrid and London bombings have proved to provide moments of punctuation from which policy ...
Islamic Extremism and CBRN Terrorism
The extant literature on the relationship between religious ideology and CBRN weapons pursuit lacks a strong empirical basis. To address this, the current study utilizes a new dataset—the CBRN Terrorism Database (CTD)—to evaluate whether Islamic actors are more or less likely to pursue CBRN w...
How Can We Deter Cyber Terrorism?
In order to deter cyber terrorism, it is important to identify the terrorists, since punishment may not deter them. The identification probability relies heavily on tracking cyber terrorists. However, there are legal and technical challenges to tracking terrorists. This paper proposes suggestion...
Responding Non-Violently to ETA’s Violence: The Motivations and Emotions of Victims of Terrorism in Spain
Terrorism studies have devoted considerable attention to the motivations and emotions of perpetrators but far less to those of victims of terrorism. This articles fills this gap by analyzing the reasons why victims of ETA’s terrorism in Spain avoided resorting to violence despite their grievanc...
Putting WMD terrorism into perspective
The FBI's National Infrastructure Protec tion Center (NIPC) warned that "Al Qaeda and affiliated groups continue to enhance their capabilities to conduct effective mass-casualty chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) attacks" and that AI Qaeda possesses "at le...
Chapter 3: Somalia, Global Security and the War on Terroris
Prior to 11 September 2001, external interest in Somalia’s prolonged crisis was mainly humanitarian. The famine of 1991–92 attracted a massive emergency relief presence in the south of the country, culminating in the ill-fated UNOSOM peacekeeping intervention in 1993–95. Following the dep...
The Geopolitics of Terrorism: A Commentary on Flint and Radil's Approach
An American political geographer and prominent specialist in electoral geography presents a measured and informative critique of the preceding paper by Colin Flint and Steven M. Radil (2009) on “Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism: Situating al-Qaeda and the Global War on Terror within Geopolitical...
Tracing a history of terrorism in Rachid Bouchareb’s f ilms: London River (2009), Hors la loi (2010) and La Route d’Istanbul (2016)
This article examines Rachid Bouchareb’s London River, Hors la loi and La Route d’Istanbul. The trilogy explores terrorism’s many forms that range from anti-colonial and ethno-national to state and jihadist terror in the twentieth century. Hors la loi, a narrative of anti-colonial Algerian...
Modeling Public Policy: Influences on Terrorism and Public Opinion
This article examines the effects of counterterrorism policy in Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom between 1997 and 2016. We use time series analysis and series hazard models to examine the influence of policy on (a) incidents of terrorist violence and (b) citizen perceptions of t...
Building the Bomb: A Further Exploration of an Organizational Approach to Nuclear Terrorism
Aterrorist organization constructing and detonating a nuclear device is often a topic of popular, academic, and political concern. Yet, assessing this risk is a challenging task. This article aims to contribute to the encompassing nature of any future nuclear terrorism threat assess ments by furt...
Can “Nudge” Salvage Community Policing against Terrorism?
Since the mid-2000s, the fear of “homegrown” terrorism in most developed democracies has prodded police to partner with local Muslim communities as a proactive and preventive approach to Islamic extremism. However, despite practical variations, this model of counterterrorism community polici...
Chapter 3: Somalia, Global Security and the War on Terrorism
Prior to 11 September 2001, external interest in Somalia’s prolonged crisis was mainly humanitarian. The famine of 1991–92 attracted a massive emergency relief presence in the south of the country, culminating in the ill-fated UNOSOM peacekeeping intervention in 1993–95. Following the depa...
Connections Can Be Toxic: Terrorist Organizational Factors and the Pursuit of CBRN Weapons
Despite plentiful scholarship relating to the prospect of terrorists utilizing chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear (CBRN) weapons, little of this work is both quanti tative in nature and global in scope. Leveraging open-source data, this study quantita tively explores factors influencin...
Contemporary drivers of global tourism: evidence from terrorism and peace factors
This study examines the effect of terrorism and peace on tourist destination arrivals using a panel of 163 countries with data for the period 2010–2015. The empirical evidence is based on Generalised Method of Moments and Negative Binomial (NB) regressions. Our best estimators are from NB regre...
Engagement in licit ventures by terrorist organisations and terrorism financing in the Lake Chad region
Despite efforts by countries in the Lake Chad region and their partners to suffocate the insurgency in the region, insurgents have continued to execute deadly attacks on civilians and military positions. Extant literature shows that the insur gency is sustained by factors like ideology, poverty, ...
How Can WeDeter Cyber Terrorism?
In order to deter cyber terrorism, it is important to identify the terrorists, since punishment may not deter them. The identification probability relies heavily on tracking cyber terrorists. However, there are legal and technical challenges to tracking terrorists. This paper proposes suggestion...
In Silico Race and the Heteronomy of Biometric Proxies: Biometrics in the Context of Civilian Life, Border Security and Counter-Terrorism Laws
Following the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, the U.S. government and other governments and organizations throughout the world became greatly interested in this emerging [biometric] human recognition system…. Biometrics are an integral and distinctive part of human beings. As such, they o...
In the name of national security: articulating ethno political struggles as terrorism
The discourse of terrorism is one of the most powerful political discourses of our times. More often than not, its labels and assumptions– including the division of the world into sharp dichotomies of ‘free’ and ‘civilized’ states vs. ‘evil’ and ‘barbarian terrorists’–go unqu...
Islamic terrorist activities in turkey in the 1990s
This article focuses on Islamic terrorism in the framework of overall Islamic activity in Turkey. It argues that Islamic terrorist organizations active in Turkey during the 1990s strived to establish an Islamic shari 'a-based state on the Iranian example, profited from deeper social and poli...
Maritime Terrorism in Southeast Asia:
This article seeks to investigate the extent of the threat posed by maritime terrorism to commercial ports and shipping in Southeast Asia. It shall focus in particular on the threat from the terrorist groups located in Indonesia and the Philippines and the vul nerability of vessels passing throug...
Mechanisms of Political Radicalization: Pathways Toward Terrorism
This article conceptualizes political radicalization as a dimension of increasing extremity of beliefs, feelings, and behaviors in support of intergroup conflict and vio lence. Across individuals, groups, and mass publics, twelve mechanisms of radicali zation are distinguished. For ten of these me...
Out with the Old and … In with the Old? A Critical Review of the Financial War on Terrorism on the Islamic State of Iraq and Levant
The aim of this article is to critically consider the effectiveness of the “Financial War on Terrorism” on the funding streams of the Islamic State of Iraq and Levant (ISIL). The article begins by identifying that the origins of the “Financial War on Terrorism” can be found in the intern...
Public good theory and the ‘added value’ of the EU's anti-terrorism policy
This contribution analyses the EU’s fight against international terrorism from the perspective of public goods theory. The first part develops an improved conceptualisation of collective action problems in this issue area, and presents a typology of related security goods according to differen...
Repression, opportunity, and innovation: The evolution of terrorism in Xinjiang, China
Howdoesstate repression affect the incidence and impact of terrorism? This study conducts a process tracing analysis of the ongoing conten tion betweenthe Uyghurseparatistmovement andtheChinesestate to provide a plausible explanation for the present lack of consensus onthis question. Relying on i...
Singapore's Cooperation with the Trilateral Security Dialogue Partners in the War Against Global Terrorism
The terrorist attacks on 11 September 2001 were a pivotal event. It appeared to validate the predictions of the ‘new’ terrorism analysts led by Bruce Hoffman and others, that a new, much more deadly form of global, apoca lyptic religious terrorism has appeared since the 1990s, and that this f...
Targeting islamist terrorism in asia pacific: an unending war
Three years into the US-led “War on Terror,” the international coalition against terrorism remains fragmented. Despite the killings of many key al Qaeda leaders as well as worldwide disruption of its bases, financial infrastructures and networks, al Qaeda has demonstrated remarkable regenera...
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