Education system in Pakistan
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Sri Lanka’s Rehabilitation Program: The Humanitarian Mission Two
Sri Lanka launched its first terrorist rehabilitation program with the defeat of the Tamil Tiger terrorists also known as the LTTE2 in 2009 - “its time to launch ‘humanitarian mission 02’, to get them back on track with their normal lives”.3 The state considered the terrorist detainees...
Evaluate The Role of The Community in Intelligence Gathering on Local Terrorism Activities
Terrorism poses a significant national security threat in Indonesia, exacerbated by the clandestine nature of terrorist networks within society. Harnessing community involvement is pivotal in combating terrorism effectively. This study evaluates the community's role in intelligence gathering...
Pakistan Counter Terrorism Policy since Zarb-i-Azab
Terrorism is not a new phenomenon in 21st century. It is as old as human nature has the lust to gain maximum power for maintenance of peace and security. Since 9/11 Islamabad is facing terrible and protracts acts of violence, extremism, abduction, target killing and explosions. Above mentioned facto...
Community engagement; ethics; research ethics; global health
Community engagement is increasingly recognized as a critical element of medical research, recommended by ethicists, required by research funders and advocated in ethics guidelines. The benefits of community engagement are often stressed in instrumental terms, particularly with regard to promoting r...
Community Engagement for Student Learning in Geography
This article examines the role and purpose of community engagement as a learning and teaching strategy within higher education geography. It explores different interpretations of the concept of community engagement and illustrates different examples of this kind of learning through six case studies ...
Community engagement in Australian local governments: a closer look and strategic implications
Public input into decision-making through participatory and deliberative democratic practices has become a widely accepted and legislated responsibility of Australian local governments. At any one time, councils are leading submission processes, workshops and online surveys on a multitude of project...
Counter-terrorism and peace negotiations with Philippine rebel groups
This paper examines two case studies of how the United States-led ‘Global War on Terror’ has impinged on the Philippine government’s peace negotiations with the country’s two major rebel groups: the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) and the communist-led National Democratic Front (NDF). F...
Education for citizenship: community engagement between the Global South and the Global North
This paper discusses a fieldwork exercise in development geography undertaken by students in the UK. Based on community engagement in partnership with refugee and black minority communities in Liverpool, it explores how such fieldwork can deepen understanding of development geography, contribute to ...
The Existential Underpinnings of the Cycle of Terrorist and Counterterrorist Violence and Pathways to Peaceful Resolutions
This article provides a terror management theory perspective on the psychological factors that lead groups and individuals to endorse, promote, and engage in violent actions as part of political, ethnic, and religious conflicts. This perspective provides an empiricallybased, theoret ical ly-driven a...
RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS, CRISIS PREVENTION AND PEACE BUILDING: NIGERIA IN PERSPECTIVES
This study explores the role of religious institutions in crisis prevention and peacebuilding in Nigeria, which has a history of religious and ethnic conflicts. Religious institutions that have been instrumental in advancing peace, resolving disputes, and building communal harmony include the Chri...
Counter-Terrorism: A Game Changer in Fighting Terrorism?
Terrorism and religious extremism are interlinked and they present a growing threat to social stability around the globe. The security challenges presented by the pre-eminence of Al Qaeda (AQ), the so-called Islamic State (IS), and other country-focused groups such as the Afghan Taliban, Pakistani T...
Deradicalization Programs Daliemain the Western States
The war on terror has created more harm than good, largely confronting terrorism with a kinetic approach that has yielded undesirable outcomes. Increased numbers of foreign fighter returnees and home-grown terrorists have forced many countries to develop soft approach deradicalization programs, pa...
Rehabilitating the Terrorists?: Challenges in Assessing the Effectiveness of De-radicalization Programs
Renewed interest on how and why terrorism ends has emerged in parallel with increased visibility of some new and innovative approaches to counterterrorism. These are collectively known, whether for good or bad, as “de-radicalization programs.” However, and despite their popularity, data surround...
Terrorist rehabilitation: a global imperative
Rehabilitation is to help someone return to normal life by providing education, training, and therapy. Those exposed to and convinced by terrorist ideology do not lead normal lives. They adopt the writings and speeches of ideologues that espouse hatred and transform themselves. Whether they are oper...
Rehabilitation to deradicalise detainees and inmates: a counter-terrorism strategy
The most significant threat to national security in the twenty-first century is terrorism. The ‘smart approach’ to counter terrorism is a blend of both hard and soft approaches. Governments now adopt a whole of nation strategy to counter terrorist recruitment and deradicalise inmates and detaine...
Rehabilitation to deradicalise detainees and inmates: a counter-terrorism strategy
The most significant threat to national security in the twenty-first century is terrorism. The ‘smart approach’ to counter terrorism is a blend of both hard and soft approaches. Governments now adopt a whole of nation strategy to counter terrorist recruitment and deradicalise inmates and detaine...
Violent Radicalization in Europe: What We Know and What We Do Not Know
When, why, and how do people living in a democracy become radicalized to the point of being willing to use or directly support the use of terrorist violence against fellow citizens? This question has been at the center of academic and public debate over the past years as terrorist attacks and foiled...
Requisites of Deradicalisation: Study on the De-Ideologisation of Indonesian Ex-Terrorists
Studies on terrorism in Indonesia heavily emphasize a security-first approach, which has had profound implications for counterterrorism strategies, policies, and terrorist imprisonment. This approach, however, fails to properly grasp the internal “deep experience” of terrorists. There are curr...
A Look at the State of Research on [Counter-] Terrorism and Violent Extremism
In continuation of a previous survey published in 2021 in Perspectives on Terrorism, a new survey exploring the state of [counter-]terrorism research, resulted in 50 responses from researchers and directors of think tanks, centres, institutes and programmes in the field of terrorism studies. We ...
Rehabilitation and Reintegration of Violent Extremist Offenders
While much time and effort in terrorism studies has gone into finding an answer to the question of why people radicalise, the question of how to rehabilitate individuals has received renewed attention with the return of many citizens who had joined the Islamic State. This has led to an increase in b...
Decolonisation and Deradicalisation of Globalisation Extremism Paradigm in African States, 1999-c.2023
Decolonisation is the expunction of varied dreadful colonial radical ideological mentalities and sentiments injected on Africa States through prolonged period of varied European and Western imperialistic dominations. Plethora of dreadful colonial vestiges emulated by Africa State leaders and subj...
The Effectiveness Of National Agency For Combating Terrorism’s Deradicalization Program Toward Terror Convicts In Indonesia
Deradicalization programs have been implemented in Indonesia since 2012. This program employs preventive paradigm in implementing the policies it produces. During the seven years of implementation, deradicalization experienced challenges and obstacles. So far, there are many critics addressed to ...
Risks, radicalisation and rehabilitation: imprisonment of incarcerated terrorists
The terrorist attacks of November 2019 and February 2020 in London, perpetrated by individuals who had previously been incarcerated on terrorism charges, reinforces the complexity of the challenges that prisons around the world manifest in relation to terrorist offenders. Frequently articulated thro...
Risks, radicalisation and rehabilitation: imprisonment of incarcerated terrorists
The terrorist attacks of November 2019 and February 2020 in London, perpetrated by individuals who had previously been incarcerated on terrorism charges, reinforces the complexity of the challenges that prisons around the world manifest in relation to terrorist offenders. Frequently articulated thro...
Amnesty as a tool in the deradicalisation of Boko Haram terrorists in Nigeria: a threat to national security
Granting amnesty to perpetrators of gross human rights is becoming a re-emerging phenomenon in Africa. Nigeria is currently witnessing unprecedented threats of violent extremism unleashed by terrorist groups; despite efforts to curb such acts, there has been little or no success. One such counte...
Terrorist Deradicalization Programs in Saudi, Yemen and Malaysia
Terrorist Deradicalization is advancing subject of scientific study that lacks universally accepted definition. It is presently understood as efforts that attempt transform attitudes and behaviors of former terrorists so they reject violence as a tool to achieve ideological, religious or political ...
Terrorist Deradicalization Programs in Saudi, Yemen and Malaysia
Terrorist Deradicalization is advancing subject of scientific study that lacks universally accepted definition. It is presently understood as efforts that attempt transform attitudes and behaviors of former terrorists so they reject violence as a tool to achieve ideological, religious or political ...
Rehabilitating Terrorists Through Counter-Indoctrination: Lessons Learned From The Saudi Arabian Program
For years, experts have agreed that Saudi Arabia runs the best terrorist rehabilitation program around the world. However, recent events, including Al Qaeda’s December 25, 2009, attempt to blow up Northwest Flight 253, which put 289 innocent lives in danger and was apparently planned by a program ...
Horizons and Bridges of Dialogue
This research article explores the way in which the Roman Catholic Church (RCC) has brought to life the interreligious principles of the Second Vatican Council (1962-1965), as articulated in its Magna Carta Nostra Aetate (NA), which served as the Church’s official doctrine and stance on its rela...
Evolving Global Geopolitics and Terrorism in South and Southeast Asia: Past, Present and Future
This study examines terrorism’s evolution in South and Southeast Asia over the past two decades to decipher its trajectories in the era of great power competition. Specifically, it looks into terrorism’s evolution during two gamechanging events, the September 11, 2001 attacks and the 2012 Syri...
Radicalization or Rehabilitation: Understanding the challenge of extremist and radicalized prisoners
This study is the result of internally funded RAND Corporation research. It seeks to provide a preliminary overview of the challenges posed by radicalized and extremist prisoners, and to explore the potential for the radicalization of young European Muslims in the prison environment. The study draws...
A case for local neighbourhood policing and community intelligence in counter terrorism
Neighbourhood policing is often considered by those responsible for policing to be a soft option, carried out by a few select police officers and police community support officers located in small geographical areas, and is not considered by many to be real policing. This article attempts to dispel ...
Kenya’s Peace Diplomacy in Eastern Africa: Regional Hegemon?
Kenya’s peace diplomacy in Eastern Africa has encompassed mediation, negotiations, peacekeeping operations, and complex peace restoration efforts in collaboration with other actors. The country has contributed significantly to peace initiatives in the region where most of the countries have suff...
Dynamics of Media in Shaping the Community's Mindset: War Against Terrorism in Indonesia
The threat of terrorism is still a complex problem in the world and Indonesia in particular. As a large and heterogeneous democracy, Indonesia, which is a country that upholds freedom of expression, has the opportunity to become a place for the spread of radicalization. Media has become one of the m...
Perception Patterns Among Actors in Institutional Networks: The Regional Intelligence Community Forum (Kominda) in Preventing Potential Conflicts in Central Java Province.
The multi-actor interaction process in government activities, involving both governmental and non-governmental elements, inevitably involves differences in perception among actors to achieve a common agreement. This interaction is crucial in conflict prevention processes involving various cross-s...
Memory, violence and post-conflict reconstruction: rebuilding and reimagining Mosul
How can and should post-conflict cities be rebuilt after traumatic violence and forced displacement? Five years following Mosul’s libera tion from the extremist reign of Islamic State, controversy surrounds attempts to revive the city’s rich cultural heritage and pluralistic past. This paper ...
“Moderate” vs “Extremist” Muslims? How a decontextualized distinction can trigger a contradictory assessment of security and radicalization in Malaysia
This article demonstrates how the application of a broad and decontextualized distinction between “mod erate” and “extremist” Muslims can undermine our assessment of an Islamic identity, security, and rad icalization. It compares how this distinction has been used by the British colonial ad...
How the War Was 'One': Countering violent extremism and the social dimensions of counter-terrorism in Canada.
The current global “war on terror” highlights a fundamental quandary for all liberal democracies seeking to counter the violent extremism of their own citizens while maintaining civic rights and freedoms. This challenge accompanies a transformation in international conflict from inter-state w...
Examining the Boko Haram insurgency in Nigeria: Implications for human resource development in a failed/fragile state
The development of a people or a nation-state anchors on the security and peaceful co-existence prevalent in the socio-economic and political milieus. Insecurity has bedeviled Nigeria, leading to the organized violent killings brought about by the Boko Haram sect. This paper, therefore, interroga...
RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS, CRISIS PREVENTION AND PEACE BUILDING: NIGERIA IN PERSPECTIVES
This study explores the role of religious institutions in crisis prevention and peacebuilding in Nigeria, which has a history of religious and ethnic conflicts. Religious institutions that have been instrumental in advancing peace, resolving disputes, and building communal harmony include the Chri...
Disentangling Support for Violent and Non-violent Radicalization among Adolescents: A Latent Profile Analysis
Although support for violent and non-violent radicalization can co-occur, only a few adolescents who support non-violent radicalization also support or engage in violent acts. Yet, little is known about what factors are associated with adolescents’ paths towards or away from violent and/or non-v...
Interfaith Dialogue to De-Radicalize Radicalization: Storytelling as Peacebuilding in Indonesia
In response to the history of ethno-religious conflict in Indonesia, there is a strong commitment from governmental and non-governmental organizations alike to constructively and creatively address such conflict as a way to preserve support for religious pluralism, and to take a strong stance agains...
An Evolving Security Dilemma: Adopting a Comprehensive Approach to the Changing Dynamics of Terrorism in Africa
This article examines the threat of terrorism, its changing dynamics and manifestations, constituting a major security dilemma for Africa. It begins with a conceptual discussion of the term “Jihad” and how it is contributing to recent upsurge in terrorism among the Muslim youth in Africa. The ar...
Structural Injustice and Peace Building in the Bangsamoro
This investigation explains the situation in the Bangsamoro. The peace agreement, which has resulted in the cessation of hostilities between the Muslim rebels (MILF) and the Government of the Republic of the Philippines (GRP), has achieved what the Bangsamoro desired: wealth redistribution and a...
Can the Principle of Coexistence between India and Pakistan Help to Achieve Peace and Prosperity in the region?
This study investigates and analyzes in the historical background of India-Pakistan relations in order to understand the nature of their association and how their mutual relations can be improved. It argues that the history of these countries, throughout show their political rivalry and military con...
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