Religious Terrorism, the Media, and International Islamization Terrorism: Justifying the Unjustifiable
This study examines the relationship between the Hizbullah and Islamic Brother hood organizations, the media, and the hypothesized outcomes of their symbiotic relationship, International Islamization Terrorism. It revisits the effects of the media on the propensity of Muslim zealots for conflict a...
A Farewell to Firearms? The logic of weapon selection in terrorism: the case of jihadist attacks in Europe
In the vast literature on terrorism the choice of weapons has received relatively limited attention, despite the importance and visibility of this topic. Building on the literature on innovation in terrorism, the article first proposes a multi-level analytical framework that helps study terrori...
When, how and why elites frame terrorists: a Wittgensteinian analysis of terror and radicalisatio
Trying to reach an all-encompassing academic definition of terrorism that settles the definition problem once and for all by defining ‘what terror is’ is a blind alley that will lead research nowhere. Terrorism studies are instead in need of non-essentialist or historical studies, and researc...
Terrorism Research: Past, Present, and Future
Research on terrorism and counterterrorism draws on many disciplines, including Poli tics, History, Sociology and Anthropology. Yet there are concerns about scope, method ology, impact, and the level of public debate. An agreed definition of terrorism is unattainable: there should be more focus on...
Al-Qods Force: Iran's weapon of choice to export terrorism
This paper examines the threat posed by Iran’s Al-Qods Force. The actions, affilia tions, and nature of the Al-Qods Force constitute a classic example of state-spon sored terrorism. This paper serves to provide an open-source intelligence report of the Al-QodsForce inorderto better understand th...
“What is dear to you?” Survey of beliefs regarding protection of critical infrastructure against terrorism
Up to the present, there is only very little research on how the population perceives terrorism and its threats, even though support from the population is crucial for effective counterterrorism. By eliciting beliefs and subjecting them to content analyses, six factors were found that determine t...
Challenging the State: Effect of Minority Discrimination, Economic Globalization, and Political Openness on Domestic Terrorism
Discrimination against minority groups is a robust predictor of domestic terrorism. However, economic and political openness might further facilitate mobilization of such aggrieved sections of a larger population. This study relates economic and politi cal openness to minority discrimination in ...
Domestic Counter-Terrorist Intelligence Structures in the United Kingdom, France, Canada and Australia
This research note considers the origin, development, and functions of intelligence organizations in four selected democratic states, assessing their role in terrorism threat mitigation, their relationship with police forces, and the means and modalities by which they are controlled and monitor...
Terrorism, the internet, and the threat to freedom of expression: the regulation of digital intermediaries in Europe and the United States
This article examines questions relating to the appropriate role of digital intermediaries in regulating online terrorist-related content and the extent to which proponents of human rights should be concerned with the free speech implications of intermediary liability, through a comparative analy...
Transnational Terrorism as an Unintended Consequence of a Military Footprint
Terrorist groups commonly cite the local presence of foreign troops as amotivation for their violence. This article examines the validity androbustnessofthepropositionthatthedeploymentofmilitaryca pabilities overseas provokes terrorist violence against the deploying state’s global interests. A ...
International regulations as tools of repression: Global anti-terrorism standards and civil society control in Turkey
Over the last decade, neoauthoritarian governments have increasingly employed legal and bureaucratic measures to restrict civil society organisations advocating for democratisation and human rights. This article examines Turkey’s Law on Preventing Financing of the Proliferation of Weapons of M...
International terrorism on the eve of a new millennium
The purpose of this paper is to review the international terrorist activities of the last half century of this millennium and to make a case for needed changes in U.S. efforts to curb the growth of terrorism. Unless we can muster a unified front against global terrorism and organized crime, we a...
Iran, Terrorism, and Weapons of Mass Destruction
This article reviews Iran’s past and current use of terrorism and assesses why U.S. attempts to halt Iran’s efforts have met with little success. With this assessment in mind, it argues that Iran is not likely transfer chemical, biological, or nuclear weapons to terrorist groups for several r...
How and why Boko Haram blossomed: examining the fatal consequences of treating a purposive terrorist organisation as less so
Boko Haram (BH) is an insurgent group that operates mainly in northeastern Nigeria. Its stated aim is to establish an Islamic state, and it employs terrorism as its strategy. Earlier interests of security analysts centred on the drivers of BH uprising and the possibility of its internationalisat...
Inventing terrorists: the nexus of intelligence and Islamophobia
The transatlantic Islamophobia industry, emboldened by US intel ligence efforts to entrap Muslims, appears to have helped to increase permissible levels of Islamophobia across theUS, as illustrated by the fiery anti-Muslim rhetoric during the 2016 pre sidential campaign. In this article, I first l...
Fighting terrorism: India and central Asia
Terrorism has become the most powerful hazard to international security, and terrorism driven by religious extremism, is even doubly so. India and Central Asia share this common threat just by virtue of sharing their borders with Pakistan and Afghanistan. Having a common threat can also be a pos...
Do migrant remittances react to bouts of terrorism?
This paper examines the short-run behaviour of migrant remittances in the face of terrorism. Using monthly data for post 9/11 terrorist attacks in Pakistan, the study finds evidence of increase in the volume of remittances sent from abroad. This increase is evident in the aggregate, as well as fo...
Group Concentration and Violence: Does Ethnic Segregation Affect Domestic Terrorism?
This paper examines the link between ethnic segregation and domestic terrorism. The results show that ethnic segregation has a positive and significant effect on the incidence of domestic terrorism, which indicates that countries where ethnic groupsare spatially concentrated face a higher risk ...
Terrorism and Social Media: Global Evidence
The study assesses the relationship between terrorism and social media from a cross section of 148 countries with data for the year 2012. The empirical evidence is based on Ordinary Least Squares, Negative Binomial and Quantile regressions. The main finding is that there is a positive rela tion...
Hitting the right target: EU and Security Council pursuit of terrorist financing
This article analyses one specific instance of the use of targeted sanctions to combat the financing of terrorism by the European Union on behalf of the United Nations Security Council. The case raised a number of issues involving the use of sanctions against non-state actors and provoked a lega...
The racialized surveillant assemblage: Islam and the fear of terrorism
Increasingly intense, multifaceted, and integrated forms of surveil lance are a central feature of Western national security attempts to counter the violence of “Islamic terrorism.” However, there has been a lack of research examining contemporary regimes of surveillance as profoundly racial...
Teaching on terrorism: Problems of interdisciplinary integration in introductory‐level texts
This essay reviews three works intended to provide justice students with an introduction to the study of terrorism. Examination of these texts provides an opportunity to consider one of the most recent developments in the justice field: an emerging focus on terrorism. It also provides an opportun...
Injustice and the New World Order: an anthropological perspective on “terrorism” in India
This article presents biographies of three activists of the Student Islamic Movement of India (SIMI). Following 9/11, the Indian state banned SIMI for fomenting “terrorism”, “sedition” and “destroying Indian nationalism”. Of the three SIMI activists, Qasim Omar had spent 30 months in...
Diplomacy, terrorism, and national narratives in the United States–Iran relationship
The United States and Iran have failed repeatedly in the last thirty years to normalise diplomatic relations. Each attempt to open a dialogue has been set back by acts of terrorism or perceptions thereof, and the small openings for diplomacy were quickly shut. The difficulties of normal diplomacy...
From Terrorist to Repentant: Who Is the Victim?
This paper attempts to understand “truth making” conditions of terrorism in Turkey. Focusing on the effects of the Reinstatement into Society law—which is designed for members of illegal armed organizations who might turn into state witnesses—the article analyses the discourses and imagin...
Fighting terrorism: India and central Asia
Terrorism has become the most powerful hazard to international security, and terrorism driven by religious extremism, is even doubly so. India and Central Asia share this common threat just by virtue of sharing their borders with Pakistan and Afghanistan. Having a common threat can also be a pos...
Drones in Modern Warfare: Utilization in India Pakistan Cross-Border Terrorism and Security Implications
The drone is the latest entrant in the ever-volatile India-Pakistan cross- border terrorism imbroglio. According to media reports, the use of the drones to send payloads, weapons, and improvised explosive devices (IEDs) has substantially increased in the last two years. This technology has been a...
Domestic Counter-Terrorist Intelligence Structures in the United Kingdom, France, Canada and Australia
This research note considers the origin, development, and functions of intelligence organizations in four selected democratic states, assessing their role in terrorism threat mitigation, their relationship with police forces, and the means and modalities by which they are controlled and monitore...
Do migrant remittances react to bouts of terrorism?
This paper examines the short-run behaviour of migrant remittances in the face of terrorism. Using monthly data for post 9/11 terrorist attacks in Pakistan, the study finds evidence of increase in the volume of remittances sent from abroad. This increase is evident in the aggregate, as well as for...
Diplomacy, terrorism, and national narratives in the United States–Iran relationship
The United States and Iran have failed repeatedly in the last thirty years to normalise diplomatic relations. Each attempt to open a dialogue has been set back by acts of terrorism or perceptions thereof, and the small openings for diplomacy were quickly shut. The difficulties of normal diplomacy...
Detecting terrorism risk behaviours in prisons: a thematic analysis
Detecting and monitoring prisoners who present a risk of committing terrorism is an important objective of prison authorities. A key practice in many prison services is for prison staff to observe prisoner behaviours that may indicate such risk. However, there is a dearth of research that system...
Derogating from International Human Rights Obligations in the ‘War Against Terrorism'? — A British–Australian Perspective
This article examines the United Kingdom’s Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001 and the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation Legislation Amendment (Terrorism) Act 2002 (Cth) from an international human rights law perspective. It argues that both pieces of legislation raise serio...
Challenging the State: Effect of Minority Discrimination, Economic Globalization, and Political Openness on Domestic Terrorism
Discrimination against minority groups is a robust predictor of domestic terrorism. However, economic and political openness might further facilitate mobilization of such aggrieved sections of a larger population. This study relates economic and politi cal openness to minority discrimination in e...
Countering Insurgencies, Terrorism and Violent Extremism in South Asia
South Asia continues to remains a hotbed of various forms of extremism. Indiscriminate violent terrorism with a strong religious overtone claims the highest number of victims, most notably in Pakistan and India. Islamist Jihadi movements backed by external actors keep the state of Jammu and Kashm...
Causes and Incentives for Terrorism in Pakistan
This study offers fresh empirical insights into the causes of terror ism in Pakistan. The authors present a novel strategy for hypothesis building in conflict studies, and explore the importance of the ex planatory variables within the time frame of the analysis. The hy pothesized relationships are...
Authoritarian regimes against terrorism: lessons from China
Throughout history many terrorist organisations have originated in both democratic and authoritarian regimes. In their efforts to eradicate the terrorist threat, democracies and their authoritarian counterparts have employed a vast array of measures. Such measures, however, differ according to re...
An Empirical Analysis of Terrorism and Stock Market Spillovers: The Case of Spain
This article assesses the spillover effects between terrorist activity and Spanish stock market returns for the period 1993–2017 . We construct a daily terror index that reflects the terrorist activity of different types of perpetrators: domestic terrorism (ETA) and international terrorism link...
Al-Qods Force: Iran's weapon of choice to export terrorism
This paper examines the threat posed by Iran’s Al-Qods Force. The actions, affilia tions, and nature of the Al-Qods Force constitute a classic example of state-spon sored terrorism. This paper serves to provide an open-source intelligence report of the Al-QodsForce inorderto better understand the...
A Farewell to Firearms? The logic of weapon selection in terrorism: the case of jihadist attacks in Europe
In the vast literature on terrorism the choice of weapons has received relatively limited attention, despite the importance and visibility of this topic. Building on the literature on innovation in terrorism, the article first proposes a multi-level analytical framework that helps study terrori...
A Hard Day's Night? The United States and the Global War on Terrorism
This paper examines the jihadist threat and its implications for the global war on terrorism (GWOT)—a threat noted for its commitment, determination, innovation, and lethality. The United States is struggling to configure its instruments of national power to address a threat that has thus far p...
Women Policymakers Framing their Leadership and Lives in Relation to Terrorism: The Basque Case
We examine terrorism from the perspective of women political elites in the Basque regions of Spain and France, asking whether women are present as policymakers in terrorism pol itics and how they frame the impact of terrorism on their leadership and lives. To assess women’s presence as policy m...
Does Targeted Capture Reduce Terrorism?
From January 1979 to December 2009, the Maoist insurgent Shining Path committed a total of 9,034 violent acts in a concerted attempt to topple the Peruvian government. These acts of violence included bombings, armed assaults, and assassinations. The Shining Path’s leader Abimael Guzm´ an was c...
Understanding Terror, Terrorism, and Their Representations in Media and Culture
This review article examines four recent books published on terrorism and insurgent warfare. It argues that the narrative developed from the early 1970s within terrorism studies or “terrorology” was considerably different from the discussion of terrorism in the post-1945 period and tended to ...
Video games, terrorism, and ISIS’s Jihad 3.0
This study discusses different media strategies followed by the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS). In particular, the study attempts to under stand the way ISIS’s video game that is called “Salil al-Sawarem” (The Clanging of the Swords) has been received by the online Arab public. The ...
Failed States and the Spread of Terrorism in Sub Saharan Africa
Plagued by systematic state failure, sub-Saharan Africa’s failed states have helped facilitate internationally sponsored terrorist networks and operations. However, until recently, this type of activity was primarily relegated to North Africa and the Horn. But that has begun to change. Now, wh...
Why Do Terrorists Stop? Analyzing Why ETA Members Abandon or Continue with Terrorism
This article analyzes the factors that have motivated members of Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA) to abandon terrorism and the factors that have motivated other members of the terrorist organization to maintain their activism. The article examines the process of disengagement of an important faction ...
Women as Agents of Terror: Women Resources and Gender Discourse in Terrorism and Insurgency
In an attempt to pay attention to the growing trend of terrorism and insurgent conflicts in Africa, this article examines the involvement of women as agents of terror. The prevailing narration of armed conflicts including terrorism and insurgency in Africa and across the world are largely masculi...
Why the Internet Is Not Increasing Terrorism
Policymakers and scholars fear that the Internet has increased the ability of transnational terrorists, like al Qaeda, to attack targets in the West, even in the face of increased policing and military efforts. Although access to the Internet has increased across the globe, there has been no cor...
Why Target the “Good Guys”? The Determinants of Terrorism Against NGOs
Why would a terrorist group target nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)? We theorize that certain types of NGOs, namely those using mainly nonviolent pressure to advocate for changes in government human rights practices, influence the behaviors of potential terrorist group supporters in ways not...
Why Radicalization Fails: Barriers to Mass Casualty Terrorism
Few issues have garnered as much attention in recent years as the topic of violent extremism (VE). Although substantial attention has been devoted to investigating the radicalization process, few scholars have examined the obstacles that hinder VE radicalization. Based on in-depth life history i...
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